High BP minimizing that have supplemental amounts regarding potassium regarding the assortment off 1900 in order to 4700 mg/d (49–122 mmol/d) could have been advertised to result in BP lowering of up to 2 so you can six mm hg getting diastolic BP and you can 2 to 4 mm hg getting systolic BP. the highest variability anywhere between overall performance shows the fresh variability observed in additional degree. likewise, the result from potassium to the BP is actually determined by pretreatment BP level; age; race; sex; comorbid standards; intake away from salt, magnesium, calcium, and other ions; diet; exercise; weight; form of potassium made use of; concomitant medicines; and you may time of play with. a summary of the latest results of the many meta-analyses into negative effects of potassium into the BP thus far try offered inside Figure step three.
Overview of meta-analyses of training examining the latest blood pressure level-lowering aftereffects of potassium. 25–twenty eight SBP suggests systolic blood pressure levels; DBP, diastolic blood pressure levels.
Regardless of if conflicting performance regarding your effects of potassium supplements on BP had been claimed within the scientific studies, 34, thirty five new examples possess presented performance in keeping with regarding the new https://datingranking.net/it/lgbt-it/ meta-studies from the Whelton and you will colleagues twenty-six (Table II). Gu and you can colleagues thirty six discovered that average potassium supplements (sixty mmol KCl) taken getting 12 weeks lead to a reduction in systolic BP, but not diastolic BP, for the a Chinese populace. Furthermore, Kawano and associates 37 reported you to a beneficial 4-day potassium supplementation period (where 64 mmol/d regarding potassium gotten just like the sluggish-launch KCl) contributed to quick but extreme decreases when you look at the place of work, home, and you may 24-hr BP during the Japanese visitors. Braschi and you may acquaintances 38 then checked the result away from lowest-amount potassium supplements towards the BP and discovered you to definitely 24 mmol/d out of slow-discharge KCl given to own six months contributed to significant decrease in imply arterial stress and you can diastolic BP in the match volunteers.
Elements whereby Potassium Reduces BP
The fresh homeostasis away from sodium and you can potassium takes on a crucial role inside the endothelium-depending vasodilatation. 39 Salt retention reduces the synthesis off nitric oxide, an arteriolar vasodilator elaborated from the endothelial cells, and escalates the plasma quantity of asymmetric dimethyl-L-arginine, a keen endogenous inhibitor regarding nitric oxide creation. forty a nutrition full of potassium also develops for the gel potassium, actually within the physiologic range, lead to endothelium-created vasodilatation because of the hyperpolarizing the latest endothelial cell as a consequence of pleasure of one’s salt pump and opening potassium avenues. 41 On top of that, most other suggested mechanisms by which potassium can determine BP tend to be natriuresis, modulation out-of baroreceptor sensitiveness, quicker vasoconstrictive sensitiveness in order to norepinephrine and you can angiotensin II, improved solution and you can urinary kallikrein, enhanced sodium/potassium In the Pase pastime, adjustment for the DNA synthesis, and you can proliferation in vascular effortless muscle mass and sympathetic neurological system structure. 42, 43
Diet Guidelines having Potassium
Maintaining an adequate intake of dietary potassium (>90 mmol [3500 mg]/d) has been recommended for the primary prevention of hypertension by the JNC 7.13 The Institute of Medicine has recommended a sodium intake <65 mmol/d (3.8 g/d) and an increase in potassium to 120 mmol/d. 44 In 2006, the American Heart Association issued new guidelines suggesting an increase in potassium intake to 120 mmol/d (4.7 g/d), which is the level provided in the DASH diets in which all food is supplied. 14 The Canadian Hypertension Society recommends that the daily dietary intake of potassium should be ?60 mmol, since this intake has been associated with a reduced risk of stroke-related mortality. 45, 46 The most recent European Society of Hypertension guidelines also support an increased potassium intake based on the DASH diet. 18 In addition, the 2003 World Health Organization/International Society of Hypertension statement recommends a diet high in fruits and vegetables, a reduction of dietary sodium intake, and increased dietary potassium intake for reducing the incidence of hypertension. 16 Some sources of high-potassium, low-sodium foods are listed in Table III. 47